Semiconductors & Microelectronics
Physical fabrication, thin-film processing, and solid-state physics at sub-micron and nanoscale levels.
Inside this collection
Photolithography Reticles
Extreme ultraviolet (13.5 nm) mirrors, immersion fluid refraction, photoresist chemistry, and phase-shift reticles.
Silicon Wafers & Ingots
Czochralski molten crucible pullers, dislocation-free single-crystal boules, inner-diameter slicing, and chemical polishing.
Vapor Deposition (CVD/ALD)
Precursor gas saturation pulses, low-pressure thermal deposition, conformal step coverage, and dielectric gate films.
Ion Implantation
Magnetic mass spectrometers, high-voltage beam acceleration, crystal lattice displacement damage, and rapid thermal anneals.
Chemical-Mechanical Polishing
Colloidal silica slurries, polyurethane polishing pads, wafer carrier down-force, and oxide erosion profile balancing.
Gate Transistor Topologies
FinFET fin aspect ratios, gate-all-around nanosheet stacking, channel carrier mobility, and drain-induced barrier lowering.
Reactive Ion Plasma Etching
Reactive ion etching, halogen gas chemistry, sidewall passivation polymers, and high aspect ratio deep trenching.
Microchip Packaging & Vias
Through-silicon vias (TSV), silicon interposers, copper micro-bumps, flip-chip underfill, and heat spreader thermal interfaces.
Complex machines deserve
a closer look.
We follow the forces, explain the compromises and distinguish evidence from assumption.
Our approach